EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives.OpenApi 2.0.0

EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives

Zero-allocation, compile-time validated Domain Primitives, SmartEnums, and Roslyn Code Analyzers for modern .NET enterprise systems.

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EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives is the enterprise standard for modeling provably valid, zero-allocation scalar value types, strongly-typed identifiers, composite value objects, and SmartEnums in modern .NET (.NET 8, .NET 9, .NET 10). By combining compile-time Roslyn source generators, architectural code analyzers, and NativeAOT-first converters, it eliminates Primitive Obsession and defensive validation boilerplate while delivering bare-metal execution performance and zero heap allocations.

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Table of Contents

• What Problem It Solves
• Key Features
• Ecosystem
• Documentation
  • Interactive Showcase (Levels 00 to 08)
  • Technical Reference & Architecture Guides
• Installation
• Quick Start
  • 1. Declarative Domain Primitive
  • 2. Strongly-Typed Identifier
  • 3. Type-Safe SmartEnum
  • 4. Composite Value Object
  • 5. Zero-Allocation Validation & Result Pipeline
• Core Use Cases
  • Use Case 1: Clean Architecture / CQRS Command Handler
  • Use Case 2: Multi-Step Domain Validation Pipeline
  • Use Case 3: Zero-Allocation Minimal API Route & Body Model Binding
  • Use Case 4: EF Core Relational Persistence Mapping
  • Use Case 5: High-Throughput Microservice Queries with Dapper
  • Use Case 6: Live Compile-Time Roslyn Architectural Enforcement
• Configuration & Integrations
  • ASP.NET Core Binding
  • OpenAPI / Swagger Schema Generation
  • Entity Framework Core Value Converters
  • Dapper Type Handlers
  • System.Text.Json & NativeAOT
  • Newtonsoft.Json Migration Integration
  • Roslyn Diagnostic Analyzers
• Testing & Quality
  • Fluent Assertions API
  • Realistic Test Data Generation
  • Mutation Testing & Quality Gates
• Performance Benchmarks
  • Primary Operations Benchmark
  • BCL Span & UTF-8 Zero-Allocation Paths
  • Integration Overhead (EF Core & Dapper)
• Compatibility & Technical Matrix
  • Target Frameworks & NativeAOT
  • Primitive Category Taxonomy & Generated Interfaces
• Architecture & Design Principles
  • End-to-End Architectural Pipeline
  • Primitive Lifecycle & State Machine
• Best Practices & Anti-Patterns
• Troubleshooting & Common Pitfalls
• Part of the EricksonLopez Ecosystem
• Contributing
• License

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🎯 What Problem It Solves

Primitive Obsession is among the most pervasive anti-patterns in enterprise software engineering:

1. The Hidden Cost of Primitive Obsession: Using raw string, Guid, int, or decimal types allows illegal and unnormalized values (such as empty strings, malformed email addresses, or negative monetary balances) to traverse domain boundaries undetected. This forces developers to duplicate defensive validation logic across controllers, services, repositories, and UI layers.
2. Heap Allocations & GC Overhead in Class-Based Wrappers: Traditional object-oriented Value Object implementations rely on class reference types. In high-throughput distributed systems, instantiating millions of transient identifier and scalar wrapper objects triggers intense Gen0/Gen1 heap churn, resulting in GC pauses and degraded P99 latencies.
3. Runtime Reflection in ORMs, Serializers, and Mappers: Conventional value converters rely on runtime reflection (Activator.CreateInstance, MethodInfo.Invoke), inducing startup latency, degrading throughput, and breaking NativeAOT trimming optimization.
4. Accidental Type Substitution & Invariant Drift: Passing raw scalar types into methods accepting multiple parameters of the same underlying type (e.g. TransferFunds(Guid sourceId, Guid targetId, decimal amount)) leads to catastrophic silent bugs that the compiler cannot detect.

How EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives Solves This

• Guaranteed Validity by Construction: Instances cannot be created in an invalid state. Constructors are private and creation is routed through source-generated Create, TryCreate, and TryParse methods that enforce validation rules deterministically.
• Zero Heap Allocations on Hot Paths: Source-generated primitives are readonly partial record struct types that reside entirely on the stack or inline within entity memory layouts, achieving identical memory efficiency to raw BCL primitives (0 bytes allocated).
• Compile-Time Incremental Code Generation: All factory methods, parsers (IParsable<T>, ISpanParsable<T>, IUtf8SpanParsable<T>), formatters (ISpanFormattable, IUtf8SpanFormattable), equality operators, JSON converters, EF Core ValueConverters, and Dapper TypeHandlers are emitted at compile time.
• Live IDE Architectural Enforcement: 17 dedicated Roslyn analyzers (DP0001–DP0017) intercept invalid modeling patterns, direct string comparisons, and public constructor bypasses in real time with automated code fixes.
• Full NativeAOT & Trimming Compatibility: Zero runtime reflection and zero dynamic IL emission guarantee instant startup, minimal binary footprints, and full compatibility with NativeAOT publishing.

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⚡ Key Features

• 🚀 Zero-Allocation Memory Footprint: Stack-allocated readonly record struct value types guarantee 0 B heap allocation on creation, comparison, and parsing hot paths.
• 🛠️ Roslyn Incremental Source Generators: Compile-time emission of IParsable<T>, ISpanParsable<T>, IUtf8SpanParsable<T>, ISpanFormattable, and explicit conversion operators.
• 🔍 Live Architectural Code Analyzers: 17 Roslyn diagnostic rules (DP0001–DP0017) with automated code fixes enforce immutability, validation integrity, and API surface budgets.
• 🏷️ 30+ Pre-Configured Semantic Shortcuts: Instant domain modeling with built-in attributes for strings ([Email], [Phone], [Url], [Slug], [CountryCode], [IBAN], [ISBN]) and numerics ([Money], [Price], [TaxRate], [Percentage], [Quantity], [Rating]).
• 🧩 Zero-Contamination Persistence Adapters: Compile-time auto-discovery adapters for Entity Framework Core (ConfigureDomainPrimitives) and Dapper (RegisterAll).
• 🌐 NativeAOT & Trimming-First Architecture: 100% trim-safe execution with zero reflection, verified by continuous NativeAOT smoke testing.
• 🎯 Railway-Oriented Result Pattern Interop: Seamless zero-overhead integration with EricksonLopez.Result and third-party functional monads via the TryCreate out parameter pattern.
• 🧪 Comprehensive Testing & Data Tooling: Fluent assertions, scenario suites (DomainPrimitiveScenarios), and realistic fake data generators (DomainPrimitiveFakeFactory).

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📦 Ecosystem

Package	Version	Description
EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives		Core domain primitives, SmartEnums, attributes, and Roslyn generators
EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives.Abstractions		Zero-dependency contracts (IDomainPrimitive<TSelf, TValue>, IStrongId<TSelf, TValue>, PrimitiveError)
EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives.AspNetCore		ASP.NET Core Minimal APIs model binding & route parameter validation
EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives.EFCore		Entity Framework Core zero-contamination ValueConverter conventions
EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives.Dapper		Dapper compile-time type handlers and bulk auto-registration
EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives.OpenApi		Swagger / OpenAPI schema filter generators for primitive documentation
EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives.Testing		Fluent assertions, test builders, scenario data, and fake generators
EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives.NewtonsoftJson		Newtonsoft.Json contract resolvers and converters for legacy systems

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📚 Documentation

🌐 Official Documentation Hub: https://github.com/ericksonlopezf/dotnet-domain-primitives/tree/main/docs

🎓 Step-by-Step Interactive Showcase (Levels 00 to 08)

Level	Topic	Description
Level 00	Architecture & Philosophy	Core architectural foundations and design invariants
Level 01	Domain Primitives & Validation	Implementing validated struct primitives with Result-first flows
Level 02	SmartEnums & State Machines	Modeling polymorphic business states and transition guards
Level 03	Roslyn Analyzers	Compile-time architectural invariants and automated IDE code fixes
Level 04	Source Generation & NativeAOT	Compile-time code generation for zero-reflection execution
Level 05	ASP.NET Core & OpenAPI	Binding primitives in Minimal APIs and OpenAPI documentation
Level 06	EF Core & Dapper Persistence	Relational column mapping and Dapper type handlers
Level 07	JSON Serialization	Direct token serialization with System.Text.Json & Newtonsoft
Level 08	Fluent Testing & Assertions	Writing expressive unit tests with fluent validation matchers

📖 Technical Reference & Architecture Guides

• Architecture & Invariants — Complete architectural blueprint, memory layouts, and domain boundaries.
• Architectural Decision Records (ADRs) — 43 formal ADRs documenting design rationale and rejected proposals.
• Technical Audit — Comprehensive technical audit, guarantees, and system invariants.
• Competitive Audit — In-depth market comparison vs StronglyTypedId and Vogen.
• Features & Compatibility Matrix — Target framework matrix, diagnostics, and supported features.
• Roslyn Diagnostic Rules Reference — Complete reference for analyzer rules DP0001 through DP0017.
• Testing & Quality Audit — Quality gates, compiler settings, and 100% mutation test verification.
• Cookbook & Production Recipes — 16 ready-to-use production recipes for enterprise architectures.
• Allocation & Memory Analysis — Deep-dive memory analysis and zero-allocation proofs.
• Mutation Score Report — Package-by-package Stryker.NET mutation testing score report.
• Security Architecture — ReDoS prevention, Unicode NFC normalization, and PII protection specs.
• CI/CD & Build Pipeline — Automated GitHub Actions workflows, AOT probes, and release automation.

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📥 Installation

Install the necessary packages using the .NET CLI or NuGet Package Manager:

1. Core Package (Required)

dotnet add package EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives

2. Optional Framework & Persistence Packages

# ASP.NET Core Minimal APIs & MVC model binding
dotnet add package EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives.AspNetCore

# Entity Framework Core ValueConverter auto-configuration
dotnet add package EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives.EFCore

# Dapper TypeHandler registration
dotnet add package EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives.Dapper

# Swagger / OpenAPI Schema generation
dotnet add package EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives.OpenApi

# Newtonsoft.Json legacy serialization support
dotnet add package EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives.NewtonsoftJson

3. Testing & Assertion Packages

# Fluent assertions, fake data factories, and scenario runners
dotnet add package EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives.Testing

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🚀 Quick Start

1. Declarative Domain Primitive

Decorate a readonly partial record struct with semantic attributes. The source generator automatically emits parsers, formatters, validation pipelines, equality operators, and JSON converters.

using EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives;

// String primitive with normalization and regex constraints
[StringPrimitive]
[Trim, UpperCase, Length(2, 2)]
public readonly partial record struct CountryIsoCode;

// Built-in shortcut for RFC 5321 compliant email addresses
[Email]
public readonly partial record struct EmailAddress;

// Usage:
CountryIsoCode code = CountryIsoCode.Create("  us  "); // Value: "US"
EmailAddress email = EmailAddress.Create("user@example.com"); // Validated & normalized

2. Strongly-Typed Identifier

Eliminate identifier transposition bugs by declaring strongly-typed IDs backed by Guid, long, int, or string:

using EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives;

[StrongId<Guid>]
public readonly partial record struct CustomerId;

[StrongId<long>]
public readonly partial record struct OrderId;

// Usage:
CustomerId customerId = CustomerId.Create(); // Generates new Guid
OrderId orderId = OrderId.Create(1001L);      // Validated non-empty identifier

3. Type-Safe SmartEnum

Model exhaustive, polymorphic business states with $O(1)$ dictionary lookups and compile-time pattern matching:

using EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives;

[SmartEnum<int>]
public readonly partial record struct OrderStatus
{
    public static readonly OrderStatus Pending = new(1);
    public static readonly OrderStatus Processing = new(2);
    public static readonly OrderStatus Shipped = new(3);
    public static readonly OrderStatus Delivered = new(4);
}

// Compile-time exhaustive pattern matching:
OrderStatus status = OrderStatus.Processing;
string description = status.Match(
    whenPending: () => "Awaiting payment",
    whenProcessing: () => "Fulfilling items in warehouse",
    whenShipped: () => "In transit with carrier",
    whenDelivered: () => "Successfully delivered");

4. Composite Value Object

Model multi-property domain concepts that enforce cross-property invariants via partial validation hooks:

using EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives;
using EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives.Validation;

[ValueObject]
public readonly partial record struct Address(string Street, string City, string ZipCode)
{
    static partial void Validate(ref Address value, ref PrimitiveError error)
    {
        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value.Street))
            error = new PrimitiveError("Address.EmptyStreet", "Street cannot be empty.");
        else if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value.City))
            error = new PrimitiveError("Address.EmptyCity", "City cannot be empty.");
        else if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value.ZipCode))
            error = new PrimitiveError("Address.EmptyZipCode", "Zip code cannot be empty.");
    }
}

5. Zero-Allocation Validation & Result Pipeline

Execute high-throughput validation without throwing exceptions or incurring heap allocations:

using EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives.Validation;

// Stack-allocated TryCreate with out PrimitiveError (0 bytes allocated)
if (EmailAddress.TryCreate(userInput, out var email, out PrimitiveError error))
{
    Console.WriteLine($"Valid email: {email.Value}");
}
else
{
    Console.WriteLine($"Validation failed [{error.Code}]: {error.Message}");
}

// High-performance UTF-8 byte span parsing (Zero string allocations)
ReadOnlySpan<byte> utf8Buffer = "alice@example.com"u8;
if (EmailAddress.TryParse(utf8Buffer, null, out var parsedEmail))
{
    Console.WriteLine($"Parsed from UTF-8 span: {parsedEmail}");
}

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💡 Core Use Cases

Use Case 1: Clean Architecture / CQRS Command Handler

Strongly-typed IDs and primitives guarantee invariant integrity before business logic executes in Application handlers:

using EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives;

public readonly record struct RegisterCustomerCommand(
    CustomerId Id,
    EmailAddress Email,
    AccountBalance InitialDeposit);

public sealed class RegisterCustomerHandler
{
    private readonly ICustomerRepository _repository;

    public RegisterCustomerHandler(ICustomerRepository repository) => _repository = repository;

    public async Task<CustomerId> HandleAsync(RegisterCustomerCommand command, CancellationToken ct)
    {
        // Command parameters are guaranteed valid and non-null by the type system
        var customer = new Customer(command.Id, command.Email, command.InitialDeposit);
        await _repository.SaveAsync(customer, ct);
        return customer.Id;
    }
}

Use Case 2: Multi-Step Domain Validation Pipeline

Bridge TryCreate with EricksonLopez.Result for Railway-Oriented Programming without coupling domain types to external monad libraries:

using EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives;
using EricksonLopez.Result;

public static class DomainResultBridge
{
    public static Result<EmailAddress> ToResult(string raw) =>
        EmailAddress.TryCreate(raw, out var email, out var error)
            ? Result<EmailAddress>.Success(email)
            : Result<EmailAddress>.Failure(error.Code, error.Message);
}

// Chained functional flow:
Result<CustomerProfile> profileResult = DomainResultBridge.ToResult(rawEmail)
    .Map(email => new CustomerProfile(email));

Use Case 3: Zero-Allocation Minimal API Route & Body Model Binding

Primitives automatically bind from route parameters, query strings, and JSON bodies via IParsable<T> and IUtf8SpanParsable<T>:

using EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;

var app = WebApplication.Create();

// Automatically parsed from route via IParsable<CustomerId>
app.MapGet("/api/customers/{id}", (CustomerId id) => Results.Ok(new { Id = id.Value }));

// Automatically deserialized and validated from JSON body
app.MapPost("/api/customers", (CreateCustomerRequest request) =>
{
    // Properties are already strongly-typed primitives
    return Results.Created($"/api/customers/{request.Id}", request);
});

Use Case 4: EF Core Relational Persistence Mapping

Persist domain primitives into relational databases without contaminating domain models with persistence attributes:

using EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives.EFCore.Generated;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;

public sealed class ApplicationDbContext : DbContext
{
    public DbSet<Customer> Customers => Set<Customer>();

    protected override void ConfigureConventions(ModelConfigurationBuilder configurationBuilder)
    {
        // Automatically discovers and applies ValueConverters & column lengths for all primitives
        configurationBuilder.ConfigureDomainPrimitives();
    }
}

Use Case 5: High-Throughput Microservice Queries with Dapper

Execute high-performance database queries where Dapper maps database scalar columns directly into domain structs:

using Dapper;
using EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives.Dapper.Generated;

// Startup registration (single call in Program.cs):
DapperDomainPrimitivesRegistration.RegisterAll();

// Queries materialize directly into domain types with zero reflection overhead:
var customer = await connection.QuerySingleAsync<Customer>(
    "SELECT Id, Email, Balance FROM Customers WHERE Id = @Id",
    new { Id = customerId });

Use Case 6: Live Compile-Time Roslyn Architectural Enforcement

Roslyn analyzers guard domain invariants at edit time inside the IDE, preventing common pitfalls before compilation:

// ❌ Roslyn Error DP0001: Domain primitive must be declared as 'partial'
[StringPrimitive]
public readonly record struct ApiKey; 

// ❌ Roslyn Error DP0002: Domain primitive must be declared as 'readonly'
[StringPrimitive]
public partial record struct SessionToken;

// ❌ Roslyn Warning DP0007: Avoid using default constructor for domain primitive
EmailAddress email = default; // Analyzer flags uninitialized state

---

🔌 Configuration & Integrations

ASP.NET Core Binding

Register model binding support in your ASP.NET Core application for MVC and Minimal APIs:

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

// Register source-generated model binders
builder.Services.AddControllers()
    .AddDomainPrimitivesModelBinding();

OpenAPI / Swagger Schema Generation

Enable OpenAPI schema filters to document primitives accurately as primitive types (e.g. string format email) rather than complex objects:

builder.Services.AddSwaggerGen(options =>
{
    options.ConfigureDomainPrimitives();
});

Entity Framework Core Value Converters

Register all source-generated ValueConverter instances in one line using EF Core convention discovery:

protected override void ConfigureConventions(ModelConfigurationBuilder configurationBuilder)
{
    configurationBuilder.ConfigureDomainPrimitives();
}

Dapper Type Handlers

Register all source-generated Dapper SqlMapper.TypeHandler<T> instances at application startup:

using EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives.Dapper.Generated;

// Program.cs
DapperDomainPrimitivesRegistration.RegisterAll();

System.Text.Json & NativeAOT

All primitives implement source-generated JSON converters that serialize directly to scalar JSON tokens (e.g. "user@example.com" instead of {"Value":"user@example.com"}). For NativeAOT, include your types in your JsonSerializerContext:

[JsonSerializable(typeof(CustomerDto))]
[JsonSerializable(typeof(EmailAddress))]
[JsonSerializable(typeof(CustomerId))]
public partial class AppJsonContext : JsonSerializerContext;

Newtonsoft.Json Migration Integration

For legacy applications using Newtonsoft.Json:

using EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives.NewtonsoftJson;
using Newtonsoft.Json;

var settings = new JsonSerializerSettings();
settings.AddDomainPrimitives(); // Registers ContractResolver and converters

Roslyn Diagnostic Analyzers

The EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives.Analyzers package provides 17 compile-time rules to enforce domain modeling invariants:

Diagnostic ID	Severity	Category	Description	CodeFix
DP0001	Error	Correctness	Domain primitive type must be declared as partial	✅ Available
DP0002	Error	Correctness	Domain primitive type must be declared as readonly	✅ Available
DP0003	Error	Correctness	Domain primitive type must be declared as record struct	✅ Available
DP0004	Error	Correctness	Invalid regular expression pattern in [Regex] attribute	❌ Manual
DP0005	Error	Correctness	Conflicting normalization attributes (e.g. [LowerCase] and [UpperCase])	✅ Available
DP0006	Error	Correctness	Invalid constraint bounds (Min value cannot be greater than Max)	❌ Manual
DP0007	Warning	Design	Avoid uninitialized domain primitive via default constructor	✅ Available
DP0008	Error	Correctness	ValueObject properties must declare init accessors	✅ Available
DP0009	Warning	Design	Domain primitive lacks validation rules	❌ Manual
DP0010	Warning	Performance	Raw string compared directly with domain primitive using ==	✅ Available
DP0011	Warning	Performance	string assigned directly from domain primitive without accessing .Value	✅ Available
DP0012	Warning	Design	Public constructor bypasses source-generated domain primitive validation	✅ Available
DP0013	Info	Design	Possible duplicate domain primitive logic detected	❌ Manual
DP0014	Warning	ApiReview	API surface budget exceeded on domain primitive	❌ Manual
DP0015	Warning	ApiReview	Public member on domain primitive is missing XML documentation	❌ Manual
DP0016	Warning	ApiReview	Custom factory method must be named Create, TryCreate, or TryParse	❌ Manual
DP0017	Error	Correctness	Invalid custom exception type in [DomainPrimitivesDefaults]	❌ Manual

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🧪 Testing & Quality

Fluent Assertions API

The EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives.Testing package provides declarative assertions for xUnit, NUnit, and MSTest:

using AwesomeAssertions;
using EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives.Testing;
using Xunit;

public class DomainPrimitiveTests
{
    [Fact]
    public void EmailAddress_ValidInput_ShouldSucceed()
    {
        var email = DomainPrimitiveAssertionsExtensions
            .ShouldSucceedCreation<EmailAddress, string>("user@example.com");

        email.Should().HavePrimitiveValue<EmailAddress, string>("user@example.com");
    }

    [Fact]
    public void EmailAddress_InvalidInput_ShouldFailWithErrorCode()
    {
        DomainPrimitiveAssertionsExtensions
            .ShouldFailCreationWith<EmailAddress, string>("invalid-email", "FORMAT");
    }
}

Realistic Test Data Generation

Generate curated valid and invalid test datasets with DomainPrimitiveFakeFactory:

using EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives.Testing;

// Valid and invalid sample datasets for parameterized tests
string[] validEmails   = DomainPrimitiveFakeFactory.Strings.ValidEmails;
string[] invalidEmails = DomainPrimitiveFakeFactory.Strings.InvalidEmails;
decimal[] validMoney   = DomainPrimitiveFakeFactory.Numerics.ValidMoneyAmounts;
int[] validAges        = DomainPrimitiveFakeFactory.Numerics.ValidAges;

// Grouped test scenarios
var scenarios = DomainPrimitiveScenarios.EmailNormalizationScenarios;
foreach (var (raw, expected) in scenarios)
{
    var created = EmailAddress.Create(raw);
    Assert.Equal(expected, created.Value);
}

Mutation Testing & Quality Gates

Every build is verified against a strict quality gate pipeline enforcing 100% mutant eradication:

Package	Mutants Total	Mutants Killed	Mutation Score	Status
EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives	312	312	100.0%	✅ PASSED
EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives.Abstractions	48	48	100.0%	✅ PASSED
EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives.AspNetCore	64	64	100.0%	✅ PASSED
EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives.EFCore	52	52	100.0%	✅ PASSED
EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives.Dapper	50	50	100.0%	✅ PASSED
EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives.Testing	36	36	100.0%	✅ PASSED
Total Aggregate Quality Score	562	562	100.0%	✅ VERIFIED

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⚡ Performance Benchmarks

Environment: AMD Ryzen 7 9800X3D 4.70GHz (8 cores, 16 threads), .NET 10.0.10, X64 RyuJIT x86-64-v4, BenchmarkDotNet v0.15.8

Primary Operations Benchmark

Method	Mean	Ratio	Allocated	Zero-Alloc?
Raw Guid (baseline — no wrapper)	0.00 ns	1.00	0 B	✅
[StrongId<Guid>] Creation (CustomerId.Create(guid))	0.00 ns	1.00	0 B	✅
[StrongId<Guid>] TryParse (CustomerId.TryParse(...))	12.63 ns	1.00	0 B	✅
[Email] Creation (EmailAddress.Create(...))	49.53 ns	-	48 B*	⚠️ (NFC Norm)
[SmartEnum] Lookup (OrderStatus.FromValue(2))	2.14 ns	-	0 B	✅
[NumericPrimitive] Add (Money.Add(a, b))	0.19 ns	-	0 B	✅

*Note: String normalization requires 1 allocation for string.Normalize(NormalizationForm.FormC) per Unicode security standards (SEC-004 / ADR-027).

BCL Span & UTF-8 Zero-Allocation Paths

Benchmark	Interface Tested	Mean	Allocated	Zero-Alloc?
DomainPrimitives_TryParse	IParsable<T>	12.63 ns	0 B	✅
DomainPrimitives_SpanParse	ISpanParsable<T>	11.84 ns	0 B	✅
DomainPrimitives_Utf8SpanParse	IUtf8SpanParsable<T>	13.10 ns	0 B	✅
DomainPrimitives_SpanFormat	ISpanFormattable	4.82 ns	0 B	✅
DomainPrimitives_Utf8SpanFormat	IUtf8SpanFormattable	5.10 ns	0 B	✅

Integration Overhead (EF Core & Dapper)

Benchmark	Integration Layer	Mean	Allocated
Dapper_TypeHandler_SetValue	Dapper Parameter Binding	0.21 ns	0 B
Dapper_TypeHandler_Parse	Dapper Reader Materialization	0.19 ns	0 B
EFCore_ValueConverter_ConvertToProvider	EF Core Write Pipeline	0.19 ns	0 B
EFCore_ValueConverter_ConvertFromProvider	EF Core Read Pipeline	0.19 ns	0 B

---

🌐 Compatibility & Technical Matrix

Target Frameworks & NativeAOT

Package	.NET 8.0 LTS	.NET 9.0 STS	.NET 10.0	NativeAOT	Trimming Safe
EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives	✅ Supported	✅ Supported	✅ Supported	✅ Supported	✅ 100% Trim-Safe
EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives.Abstractions	✅ Supported	✅ Supported	✅ Supported	✅ Supported	✅ 100% Trim-Safe
EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives.AspNetCore	✅ Supported	✅ Supported	✅ Supported	✅ Supported	✅ 100% Trim-Safe
EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives.EFCore	✅ Supported	✅ Supported	✅ Supported	✅ Supported	✅ 100% Trim-Safe
EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives.Dapper	✅ Supported	✅ Supported	✅ Supported	✅ Supported	✅ 100% Trim-Safe
EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives.OpenApi	✅ Supported	✅ Supported	✅ Supported	✅ Supported	✅ 100% Trim-Safe
EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives.Testing	✅ Supported	✅ Supported	✅ Supported	✅ Supported	✅ 100% Trim-Safe
EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives.NewtonsoftJson	✅ Supported	✅ Supported	✅ Supported	✅ Supported	✅ 100% Trim-Safe

Primitive Category Taxonomy & Generated Interfaces

Category	Decorator Attribute	Underlying Type	Key Generated Interfaces & Capabilities
Strong ID	[StrongId<T>]	Guid, long, int, string	IDomainPrimitive<TSelf, TValue>, IStrongId<TSelf, TValue>, IParsable<T>, ISpanParsable<T>
String Primitive	[StringPrimitive], [Email], [Phone], ...	string	IDomainPrimitive<TSelf, string>, ISpanParsable<T>, IUtf8SpanParsable<T>, ISpanFormattable
Numeric Primitive	[NumericPrimitive<T>], [Money], [Price], ...	decimal, double, int, long	IDomainPrimitive<TSelf, T>, IComparable<T>, arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /)
Date Primitive	[DatePrimitive]	DateOnly, DateTime, DateTimeOffset	IDomainPrimitive<TSelf, TDate>, IComparable<T>, past/future invariant guards
SmartEnum	[SmartEnum<T>]	int, string	IDomainPrimitive<TSelf, T>, exhaustive Match<T>, Map<T>, $O(1)$ dictionary lookups
Value Object	[ValueObject]	Composite	IDomainPrimitive<TSelf>, IParsable<T>, ISpanParsable<T>, structural equality

---

🏛️ Architecture & Design Principles

End-to-End Architectural Pipeline

flowchart TD
    Client(["HTTP Client / Caller"])

    subgraph Presentation ["Presentation & Serialization Layer"]
        Json["System.Text.Json Converter\n(Auto-converts via TryCreate)"]
        OpenApi["OpenApi Schema Filter\n(Generates Swagger specs)"]
        AspNet["ASP.NET Core Model Binder\n(Route & Query Binding)"]
    end

    subgraph Domain ["Domain Layer (Zero Heap Allocation)"]
        Prim["Domain Primitive\n(readonly record struct)"]
        Pipeline["Validation Pipeline:\n1. Unicode Normalization (NFC)\n2. Built-in Range / Regex Rules\n3. Custom Partial Validator"]
    end

    subgraph Persistence ["Persistence Layer"]
        EF["EF Core ValueConverter\n(ConfigureDomainPrimitives)"]
        Dapper["Dapper TypeHandler\n(RegisterAll)"]
        DB[("Database")]
    end

    Client -->|"JSON Request Body"| Json
    Client -->|"Route / Query Parameter"| AspNet
    Client -->|"API Documentation"| OpenApi

    Json --> Prim
    AspNet --> Prim
    Prim --> Pipeline
    Pipeline -->|"Valid struct"| EF
    Pipeline -->|"Valid struct"| Dapper

    EF --> DB
    Dapper --> DB

Primitive Lifecycle & State Machine

stateDiagram-v2
    [*] --> RawInput: Caller invokes Create() or TryCreate()

    RawInput --> Normalizing: Has [Trim] / [LowerCase] / [UpperCase]
    RawInput --> Validating: No normalization

    Normalizing --> Validating: Normalized value

    Validating --> InvalidState: Built-in validation fails (LENGTH, REGEX, RANGE)
    Validating --> CustomValidating: Built-in validation passes

    CustomValidating --> InvalidState: Custom partial Validate() fails
    CustomValidating --> ValidState: All invariants satisfied

    InvalidState --> ThrowsException: Create() path -> Throws DomainPrimitiveValidationException
    InvalidState --> ReturnsFalse: TryCreate() path -> Returns false + PrimitiveError
    
    ThrowsException --> [*]
    ReturnsFalse --> [*]

    ValidState --> Instantiated: readonly record struct allocated on Stack
    Instantiated --> Serialized: System.Text.Json / Newtonsoft.Json
    Instantiated --> Persisted: EF Core / Dapper
    Instantiated --> [*]: Zero GC overhead (Stack released)

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🛡️ Best Practices & Anti-Patterns

Scenario	❌ Avoid	✅ Recommended
Control Flow	Throwing exceptions for business validation	Using TryCreate with stack-allocated PrimitiveError
Memory Allocation	Declaring domain primitives as class reference types	Using readonly partial record struct for zero GC allocations
Struct Initialization	Using default(Primitive) or parameterless new()	Instantiating via source-generated Create() or TryCreate()
String Comparison	Comparing raw string directly with a primitive (str == email)	Parsing the raw string into the primitive or using email.Value
Value Object Mutation	Modifying property values directly	Creating a new instance with updated properties (immutable replacement)
Persistence Mapping	Contaminating domain models with EF Core annotations	Using zero-contamination ConfigureDomainPrimitives() in DbContext
Validation Architecture	Running asynchronous I/O or DB queries inside primitive validators	Keeping domain primitive validators 100% synchronous and deterministic

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⚠️ Troubleshooting & Common Pitfalls

1. Uninitialized Struct via default Constructor

• Symptom: A domain primitive struct contains a null or uninitialized backing value, bypassing domain invariants.
• Root Cause: C# allows struct initialization via default(T) or parameterless new T().
• Solution & Roslyn Rule: Roslyn analyzer DP0007 warns against uninitialized primitives. Always use Primitive.Create(...) or Primitive.TryCreate(...).

2. Bypassing Validation via Public Constructors

• Symptom: Developers instantiate primitives with raw data that violates regex, range, or length rules.
• Root Cause: Declaring a custom public constructor overrides the source generator's controlled factory pattern.
• Solution & Roslyn Rule: Roslyn analyzer DP0012 flags public constructors on primitives. Primitives must only be instantiated through generated factory methods.

3. Direct String Comparisons Bypassing Type Safety

• Symptom: Comparing a domain primitive directly against a raw string (email == "admin@example.com") fails to normalize the input.
• Root Cause: Direct string comparison bypasses trimming and casing rules emitted by the generator.
• Solution & Roslyn Rule: Roslyn analyzers DP0010 and DP0011 flag direct string comparisons and assignments. Parse the raw string into the primitive first.

4. Mutating Value Objects Instead of Replacement

• Symptom: Compile errors or invariant drift when attempting to mutate properties on a [ValueObject].
• Root Cause: Value objects are immutable by design.
• Solution & Roslyn Rule: Roslyn analyzer DP0008 enforces init accessors on all properties. Create new instances when updating values.

5. Missing partial or readonly Modifiers

• Symptom: Compilation error stating the source generator cannot augment the type definition.
• Root Cause: Source generators require partial to emit code and readonly record struct for immutability.
• Solution & Roslyn Rule: Roslyn analyzers DP0001, DP0002, and DP0003 detect missing modifiers and provide one-click IDE CodeFixes.

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🌐 Part of the EricksonLopez Ecosystem

• ⚡ EricksonLopez.Result — High-Performance Struct-Based Result Pattern & Railway-Oriented Programming.
• 📬 EricksonLopez.Events — Enterprise Event-Driven Architecture & Distributed Messaging Substrate.
• 🧱 EricksonLopez.SharedKernel — Sovereign Tier-0 DDD Foundational Substrate & Specifications.
• 💎 EricksonLopez.ValueObjects — Pre-Built Enterprise Value Objects & Multi-Country Fiscal Satellites.
• 🔍 EricksonLopez.Specification — Composable AOT-First Specification Pattern for .NET.

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🤝 Contributing

Contributions are welcome! Follow these steps to set up your local development environment:

Prerequisites

• .NET 8.0 SDK, .NET 9.0 SDK, or .NET 10.0 SDK
• Git & modern C# IDE (Visual Studio 2022 v17.12+, JetBrains Rider 2024+, or VS Code with C# Dev Kit)

Development Workflow

1. Clone the repository:

   git clone https://github.com/ericksonlopezf/dotnet-domain-primitives.git
   cd dotnet-domain-primitives
   

2. Build the solution:

   dotnet build EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives.slnx
   

3. Execute unit & integration tests:

   dotnet test EricksonLopez.DomainPrimitives.slnx
   

4. Run mutation testing quality gates:

   dotnet stryker
   

Please review our Contributing Guidelines and Code of Conduct before submitting pull requests.

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📄 License

Distributed under the MIT License.
Copyright © 2026 Erickson Lopez. All rights reserved.